Neurosurgery focuses on the central, peripheral and autonomic nervous systems. Practitioners diagnose problems through physical examination with the aid of such tools as MRI, CT scans and laboratory tests and frequently provide surgical treatment. Neurosurgery includes management of diseases of the skull, the brain, the pituitary and the spinal cord. Management of head and spinal injuries is a major challenge. As many head injuries and acute intracranial emergencies occur in off-hours, this is not a specialty for those who value lifestyle. It is, however, a very challenging and rewarding career.
Neurosurgery as a discipline arose as a result of an increasing need for special expertise in the surgical and non-surgical treatment of various diseases affecting the nervous system and supporting structures. Therefore, it involves the ability to diagnose, and the technical expertise for the effective surgical treatment of congenital and acquired abnormalities. It also requires expertise in trauma and diseases affecting the nervous system that can be potentially prevented, alleviated or cured.